Database

SQL

Master Structured Query Language for database operations and management.

Course Syllabus

1

Introduction to SQL

What is SQL?
History and evolution of SQL
Relational database management systems (RDBMS)
SQL standards and dialects

2

SQL Basics

SQL syntax and structure
Creating and dropping databases
Creating and modifying tables
Data types in SQL
Constraints (PRIMARY KEY, FOREIGN KEY, UNIQUE, NOT NULL, etc.)

3

Querying Data

SELECT statement and its clauses
Filtering data with WHERE clause
Sorting data with ORDER BY clause
Limiting and pagination using LIMIT/OFFSET clauses
Joining tables (INNER, LEFT, RIGHT, and FULL JOIN)
Set operations (UNION, INTERSECT, EXCEPT)

4

Modifying Data

Inserting data with INSERT statement
Updating data with UPDATE statement
Deleting data with DELETE statement
Transaction control (COMMIT, ROLLBACK)

5

Advanced SQL Topics

Aggregate functions (COUNT, SUM, AVG, MAX, MIN)
GROUP BY and HAVING clauses
Subqueries and derived tables
Views
Stored procedures and functions
Triggers

6

Database Design

Normalization and database normalization forms
Entity-Relationship Modeling (ER Diagrams)
Indexing and performance optimization
Transactions and concurrency control

7

SQL in Practice

SQL in different RDBMS (MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQL Server, Oracle, etc.)
Integrating SQL with programming languages (Python, Java, C#, etc.)
SQL injection and security best practices
SQL tuning and optimization techniques

8

Advanced Topics

Window functions
Recursive queries and hierarchical data
Temporal data and time-series analysis
Spatial data and GIS
NoSQL and NewSQL databases

9

Projects and Assignments

Hands-on projects and assignments to reinforce concepts
Building a database for a specific domain
Querying and manipulating data
Designing and implementing a database schema
Integrating SQL with a programming language
Building data analysis and reporting tools

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